What are digestive enzymes?

The food that you put in your mouth should be “split” into smaller, easily absorbed molecules - such as amino acids in fried meat, simple sugar in broccoli or fatty acids in oils, as well as minerals and vitamins. It is digestive enzymes that split the components of food to specific "building blocks", of which they consist - proteins to amino acids, complex carbohydrates to simple sugars, and fats to free fatty acids.

• enzymes in the oral cavity

Amylase saliva - as the name implies, this is an enzyme produced in the salivary glands that are in the mouth. During chewing, amylase begins the initial digestion of complex carbohydrates, for example, starch. For proper digestion, it is important that every piece falling into the mouth is carefully chewed and mixed with saliva.

• enzymes acting in the stomach

In the stomach, other digestive enzymes begin to act on a swallowed piece. Swallowed food is mixed with gastric juice containing:

- Pepsin, which begins the breakdown of proteins.
- gastric lipase, which begins the breakdown of emulsified fats.

• digestive enzymes in the duodenum

The digestion process continues in the duodenum.

- Pancreatic amylase continues the effect of salivary amylase - that is, it breaks down polysaccharides (complex sugars).
- Tripsin and chiriprypsin continue to digest protein.
- Pancreatic lipase continues the effect of gastric lipase, splitting emulsified fats into smaller molecules.

• digestive enzymes in the intestines

The main digestion occurs in the small intestine. Enzymes work there, such as:

- Intestinal amylase - breaks down the polysaccharides formed in the duodenum, to the disaccharides.
- Intestinal lipase - breaks down emulsified fats.
- lactase - breaks down lactose (contained, in particular, in milk and cheese) into glucose and galactose.
- aminopeptidase and carboxypeptidase - peptide bonds break down.
- Saharaza - breaks down sucrose (table sugar) into glucose and fructose.

• digestive enzymes contained in plants

You can supply digestive enzymes to your body from the outside.

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